Why am I still getting a [[ **/{ 403 error ]==] ** even after granting permissions?

When you're using Microsoft Graph API to access license information for users, the process should be straightforward with proper API permissions. However, encountering authorization errors such as APIError with a 403 status code, accompanied by an error message like Authorization_RequestDenied, can be frustrating and confusing. In this article, we will explore the potential reasons behind this issue, provide troubleshooting steps, discuss additional permissions that may be required, and outline best practices for configuring your Azure AD application to avoid such errors.

Understanding the Error

The error you're encountering is related to the insufficient privileges of the account or application calling the Microsoft Graph API. The response details include:

APIError: This is the general error type for issues encountered when calling Microsoft Graph.

Code: 403: This HTTP status code indicates a forbidden request. The server understood the request, but it refuses to authorize it due to insufficient permissions.

Authorization_RequestDenied: This specific error code indicates that the application does not have the necessary permissions to perform the requested operation.

Message: 'Insufficient privileges to complete the operation.': This confirms that the issue is related to missing permissions.

Details and inner_error: These details provide further context, such as the client_request_id, which can be used for further investigation in logs.

The specific operation you're trying to perform is to retrieve license details for a user via the Microsoft Graph Python SDK, but the 403 error suggests a permissions issue with your Azure AD application or the user.

Table of Contents

Understanding Microsoft Graph API and Permissions

Common Causes of the Authorization Error

Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Check Application Permissions

Ensure Admin Consent is Granted

Validate Scopes for Token Acquisition

Review Azure AD Roles and Policies

Required Permissions for Accessing User License Information

Setting Up the Correct Permissions in Azure AD

Sample Code to Access User License Information

FAQs

Conclusion

1. Understanding Microsoft Graph API and Permissions

Microsoft Graph is a unified API endpoint that allows you to access various Microsoft 365 services and data. To access user license details through Microsoft Graph, you need to ensure that your Azure AD application is properly configured with the required API permissions.

The key point to understand here is the concept of permissions. Permissions in Microsoft Graph API control which operations your application can perform. There are two types of permissions:

Delegated Permissions: These permissions are granted to an application acting on behalf of a signed-in user.

Application Permissions: These are granted directly to an application (without a signed-in user), typically used for background services or daemon apps.

For accessing user license information, your application needs specific permissions granted either directly to the application or via user consent.

2. Common Causes of the Authorization Error

The 403 Authorization_RequestDenied error typically indicates that the account or application calling the API does not have the necessary permissions. Some common causes include:

Missing Permissions: You may have granted User.Read.All and Directory.Read.All, but these permissions might not be sufficient for accessing license details.

Admin Consent: If your application requires admin consent for permissions, it’s important to ensure that consent has been granted properly.

Incorrect Scope in Token Request: The token issued for authentication may not include the required scope to access license information.

Application or User Role Limitations: The application or the signed-in user might not have sufficient Azure AD roles to query license data.

Graph API Endpoint Restrictions: Some Graph API endpoints require additional permissions or roles, even if you have general read access to directory data.

3. Step-by-Step Troubleshooting

Let’s go through a systematic troubleshooting process to resolve the 403 error.

a. Check Application Permissions

Ensure your application has the correct permissions for accessing user license information. For querying license details, the following permissions are typically required:

User.Read.All: Required to read user properties.

Directory.Read.All: Required to read directory data, which includes license information.

Directory.AccessAsUser.All (for application permissions): Required if your application needs to act without a signed-in user.

You can verify this by going to Azure Portal > Azure Active Directory > App registrations > your app > API permissions. Confirm that these permissions are listed.

b. Ensure Admin Consent is Granted

Even though the permissions are listed, they still need to be granted by an administrator if they are high-level permissions like User.Read.All or Directory.Read.All. Without admin consent, the permissions might not be applied to your app.

To grant admin consent:

Go to API permissions for your app registration.

Click Grant admin consent for [Your Organization].

Ensure the consent process is successful.

c. Validate Scopes for Token Acquisition

When acquiring an access token using the Microsoft Identity platform (via MSAL or other libraries), make sure the correct scopes are included in the request. For example, when acquiring a token, ensure that the following scopes are requested:

User.Read.All

Directory.Read.All

Here’s a sample code snippet that demonstrates how to acquire a token with the necessary scopes:

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import msal # Initialize the MSAL confidential client application app = msal.ConfidentialClientApplication( client_id='your-client-id', client_credential='your-client-secret', authority='https://login.microsoftonline.com/your-tenant-id' ) # Acquire token for Microsoft Graph API result = app.acquire_token_for_client(scopes=["https://graph.microsoft.com/.default"]) if "access_token" in result: access_token = result["access_token"] else: print("Error acquiring token: ", result.get("error_description"))

This request uses scopes=["https://graph.microsoft.com/.default"], which ensures that the correct scopes granted to the app are used.

d. Review Azure AD Roles and Policies

Ensure that the Azure AD user or application calling the API has the necessary roles to access license information. Roles such as Global Administrator or User Administrator are often required to read license data. The lack of appropriate roles might result in a 403 error.

Check the assigned roles for your user or service principal in Azure AD:

Go to Azure Active Directory > Roles and administrators.

Check the roles assigned to your user or app, ensuring they have appropriate permissions to access directory and user information.

e. Review the API Documentation

Check the latest Microsoft Graph API documentation to confirm that the endpoint you're using for license details is correct, and ensure you are using the appropriate version of the API. Microsoft Graph endpoints can sometimes change or have additional requirements that need to be addressed.

For example, to access a user’s license details:

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license_details = await graph_client.users.by_user_id(user_id).license_details.get()

Ensure the endpoint and method are up to date, as some functionality might require specific Graph API versions.

4. Required Permissions for Accessing User License Information

To retrieve license details of a user, these permissions may be required:

User.Read.All: Required for reading user profile data.

Directory.Read.All: Required for reading directory objects, including licenses.

Directory.AccessAsUser.All (for application permissions): If you want to perform the operation as an app (without user interaction).

UserManagement.ReadWrite.All or LicenseManagement.ReadWrite.All: These permissions may be necessary for applications that need to read or modify license assignments or details.

Check the Microsoft Graph Permissions documentation to ensure that your app is using the correct permissions for the specific API endpoints.

5. Setting Up the Correct Permissions in Azure AD

To ensure the permissions are correctly set up in Azure AD, follow these steps:

Register your application in the Azure Portal.

Add required API permissions for Microsoft Graph under API Permissions.

For permissions like User.Read.All or Directory.Read.All, make sure to grant admin consent.

If you're using delegated permissions, ensure that the signed-in user has sufficient roles (e.g., Global Administrator, User Administrator).

If using application permissions, the app itself must have sufficient privileges, such as Application Administrator.

6. Sample Code to Access User License Information

Here’s a complete Python example to retrieve user license details using the Microsoft Graph SDK:

python

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from msal import ConfidentialClientApplication from azure.identity import InteractiveBrowserCredential from msgraphcore import GraphSession, GraphClient # Authenticate with MSAL to get the access token credential = InteractiveBrowserCredential(client_id="your-client-id") graph_client = GraphClient(credential) # Get license details for a specific user user_id = 'user@example.com' license_details = await graph_client.users.by_user_id(user_id).license_details.get() # Print the details print(license_details)

7. FAQs

Q1: What permissions do I need to access license details via Microsoft Graph API?

You need at least User.Read.All, Directory.Read.All, and possibly Directory.AccessAsUser.All or UserManagement.ReadWrite.All depending on your use case.

Q2: Why am I still getting a 403 error even after granting permissions?

Make sure admin consent is granted, and check if the account has sufficient Azure AD roles. Also, ensure the token has the correct scopes for the requested operation.

Q3: Can I access license details as a non-admin user?

No, typically, accessing license details requires higher-level roles like Global Administrator or User Administrator.

8. Conclusion

The 403 Authorization_RequestDenied error you are encountering is due to insufficient permissions to access user license details via the Microsoft Graph API. By reviewing and adjusting your Azure AD application’s API permissions, ensuring that admin consent is granted, and verifying the roles of the requesting user or application, you should be able to resolve the issue. Always check the latest documentation and guidelines from Microsoft Graph to stay up to date with any changes.